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Silva MA, Souza RA, Carlos AM, Soares S, Moraes-Souza H, Pereira GA
Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2012;34(5):356-60
Table 1 - Hemoglobin levels (g/dL) of 200 blood donor candidates grouped as anemic (n = 75) and non-anemic
(n = 125) by the automated test and stratified according to gender (male and female) and technique (manual and
automated)
Method
Manual
Automated
Group
Male
Female
Male
Female
Non-anemic
n
46
79
46
79
P 2.5%
12.8
12.0
13.7
12.8
Median
14.0
12.8
14.6
13.2
P 97.5%
15.2
13.4
15.8
13.8
*
p
W
= 0.002
p
W
< 0.0001
-
-
#
p
MW
< 0.0001
p
MW
< 0.0001
p
MW
< 0.0001
p
MW
< 0.0001
Anemic
n
8
67
8
67
P 2.5%
11.6
11.2
10.8
11.3
Median
12.3
11.7
12.3
11.8
P 97.5%
12.5
12.2
12.5
12.2
*
p
W
= 0.353
p
W
= 0.810
-
-
*: Comparison between the techniques (Manual and automatic) for each group and gender; #: Comparison between groups (Anemic
and Non-anemic); p
W
: p-value for the paired Wilcoxon test; p
MW
: p-value for the Mann-Whitney test; n: number of donors; P 2.5%: 2.5%
percentile; P 97.5%: 97.5 % percentile
Table 2 - Occurrence of iron deficiency in blood donor candidates according to the groups
(Anemic and Non-anemic) by gender
Anemic
Non-anemic
Iron deficiency
n % n % χ
2
Yates
p-value
Male
Yes
6 75.0 7 15.9
9.7
0.002
No
2 25.0 37 84.1
Total
8 100 44 100
Female
Yes
21 32.8 6
7.6
13.1
0.0003
No
43 67.2 73 92.4
Total
64 100 79 100
§: the ferritin of 5 donors was not measured (2 Non-anemic and 3 Anemic)
Table 3 - Electrophoretic profile and Hb A2 dosage according to the
groups of candidates (Anemic and Non-anemic)
Group
Total
Anemic
Non-anemic
Hemoglobin
n
% n
% n
%
(A1) (A2 normal)
65 86.7 116 92.8 181 87.6
(A1) (A2 elevated)
6
8.0
9
7.2 15 10.3
(A1S) (A2 normal)
3
4.0
0
0.0
3
1.6
(A1S) (A2 elevated)
1
1.3
0
0.0
1
0.5
Abnormal
10 13.3 9
7.2 19 9.5
Total
75 100 125 100 100 100
The abnormal cases - (A1) (A2 elevated) + (A1S) (A2 normal) + (A1S) (A2 elevated) -
are not included in the sum of the columns; p
Fisher
= 0.212 [test performed considering the
categories A1 (A2 normal) versus abnormal]
Of the group of anemic blood donor candidates, 9.3% (n = 7)
presented electrophoretic profiles with alterations that might justify
the presence of anemia due to a hemoglobinopathy; Hb A2 was
elevated in 8.0% (n = 6) and Hb A1S together with Hb A2 was
elevated in 1.3% (n = 1). In the Non-anemic Group, 7.2% (n = 9) of
candidates presented with elevated HbA2. No statistically significant
difference was observed in the percentage of hemoglobinopathies
between the groups (p
Fisher
= 0.212 – Table 3).
The ferritin level was lower in individuals with a high
number of donations. This difference was significant for both men
and women in the Non-anemic Group (p
Dunn
< 0.0001 and p
Dunn
=
0.0357, respectively) while in the Anemic Group, a significant
difference was observed only for women (p
Dunn
< 0.0001). In
addition, the levels of ferritin (ng/dL) were significantly lower in
the Anemic compared to the Non-anemic Group for both genders
and for the number of donations (p
Dunn
< 0.0001).
Discussion
The high rate of candidates who were unfit to donate due
to anemia (4.2%), which was as high as 11.3% in women,
confirms reports in the literature
(14,15)
that identify woman as
being more predisposed to anemia due to menstruation and
pregnancy which is intensified by blood donations. Such a
level of unsuitability, as has already been observed in other
studies, compromises the blood supply
(1)
.
The significantly higher hemoglobin levels by the automated
method points to discrepancies between the methods used. Despite
this, the differences in the means obtained varied between 0.1
g/dL and 0.6 g/dL. This difference is considered acceptable
for the screening method used (Bioclin® kit) as, according to